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What's a gyroscope11/6/2022 Gyroscopic properties form the basis of various devices and instruments that are widely applied in modern technology for the automatic guidance of airplanes, ships, rockets, torpedoes, and other objects for the determination of the horizon or the geographic meridian for the measurement of translational or angular velocities of moving objects (for example, rockets) and for many other purposes. The gyroscope has a number of interesting properties, which are observed in rotating celestial bodies, artillery shells, toy tops, turbine rotors on ships, and other devices. Wrigley et al., Gyroscopic Theory, Designs and Instrumentation (1969).Ī rapidly spinning solid body whose axis of rotation can change its orientation in space. Scarborough, The Gyroscope: Theory and Applications (1958) W. Unaffected by magnetic variations, its spinning axis, when brought in line with the north-south axis of the earth, provides an accurate line of reference for navigation. It is also used in the gyrocompass, a directional instrument used on ships. The gyroscope is the nucleus of most automatic steering systems, such as those used in airplanes, missiles, and torpedoes. Large gyroscopes are used in ship stabilizers to counteract rolling. It became possible to rotate the gyroscope's wheel at desired speeds without interfering with the precession. In the second half of the 19th cent., with the invention of the electrically driven rotor, its uses multiplied. Foucault, and its first notable use was in a visual demonstration of the earth's rotation. The modern gyroscope was developed in the first half of the 19th cent. The torque that causes the wobbling is the weight of the top acting about its tapering point. The wobbling motion of a spinning top is a simple example of precession. Click the link for more information., or twisting force, is applied to the spin axis, the axis will not turn in the direction of the torque, but will instead move in a direction perpendicular to it. The torque produced by rotating parts of an electric motor or internal-combustion engine is often used as a measure of its ability to do useful work. In physics, that which tends to change the rate of rotation of a body also called the moment of force. For example, a spinning top resists toppling over, thus keeping its spin axis vertical. Once a gyroscope starts to spin, it will resist changes in the orientation of its spin axis. Many spinning objects exhibit some of these properties the rotation of the earth about its axis gives it the properties of a huge gyroscope. When spinning, the gyroscope has special properties. Gyroscope (jī`rəskōp'), symmetrical mass, usually a wheel, mounted so that it can spin about an axis in any direction.
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